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Vesna-Krasna

• Wide Maslenitsa;
• Palm Sunday;
• Easter;
• Red Hill (invocation of spring; weddings);
• Semik;
• Trinity.

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Summer Red

• Ivan Kupala;
• Peter's Day;
• Elijah Day;
• Spas (honey, apple, nut);
• Summer Rusalia

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Autumn is golden

• Autumn;
• Dozhinki - the holiday of the last sheaf;
• Skit;
• Harvest Festival;
• Autumn Fair;
• Halloween in Russian: ghouls, ghouls, goblin, merman, kikimores, witches.

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September 21 - Autumn

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September 21 Oseniny, Malaya Prechistaya, Ospozhinki, Nativity of the Virgin Mary

• In the church calendar, this day marks a major holiday - the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It is believed that it was on September 21 that daughter Maria was born into the family of the righteous Joachim and Anna. In Orthodoxy, the holiday is one of the twelve - that is, the main ones of the year.
• On the Most Pure Day, on the day of the autumn equinox, the second meeting of autumn was celebrated.
• Old style date: September 8.

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Mother of God

Very little is known about the birth of the Virgin Mary. According to legend, a pious couple from Jerusalem did not have children for a long time. When Joachim retired into the desert to pray for the birth of a child, an angel appeared to both him and his wife, announcing that their offspring “will be talked about all over the world.” Nine months later, Anna gave birth to a girl.

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She was a Virgo not only in body, but also in soul: humble in heart, circumspect in words, prudent, taciturn, a lover of reading, hardworking, chaste in speech, considering not man, but God as the judge of her thoughts. Her rule was to wish well to everyone, to honor elders , do not envy equals, avoid boasting, be sensible, love virtue.

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Spozhinki

• The holiday is dedicated to the harvest, fertility and family well-being. By this time, field work is completed: harvesting, exporting grain to barns, harvesting flax. The foundation for the family's well-being for the coming year has been laid. On this day they honored and thanked the Mother of God for the harvest. It is believed that it gives prosperity, patronizes agriculture, family and especially mothers.
• The harvest festival was sometimes celebrated for a whole week - with games, songs, dances, feasts. The autumn people were met by the water. Early in the morning, women went to the banks of rivers and lakes with bread. The older woman stood with a loaf of bread, and the young women sang songs to the glory of the Mother of God. After this, the bread was broken into pieces according to the number of those gathered: each woman took her piece home and fed it to the cattle.
• The symbols of the holiday are oats, lubok with grain and homemade bread.

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This day is popularly called the Second Most Pure Day.

• Relatives came to the newlyweds on the Most Pure One: they watched how they lived, taught them wisdom. The young housewife had to feed the guests a delicious dinner and give the parents round pies, and her husband had to show the farm: livestock in the barns, harness and tools in the sheds.
• This is traditionally a women's holiday: a woman is revered as a continuator of the family.
• On this day, women turn their prayers to the Mother of God so that the Holy Intercessor will send a child. After the service, it is imperative to give alms or invite the disadvantaged, orphans, and the sick to dinner.

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Name day on this day Georgy, Ivan

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Most Pure

On the Most Pure Day, on the day of the autumn equinox, they celebrated the second meeting of autumn and observed signs. If the weather was good, then the whole autumn should have been like this.

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Russian Military Glory Day

This is a significant and memorable date for any Russian person. On September 8 (September 21, new style) 1380, a great battle took place on the Kulikovo Field. Russian regiments led by the Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir Dmitry Ivanovich (Dmitry Donskoy) gave a decisive battle in the history of Russia at that time to the Horde troops led by Khan Mamai. The battle was called Kulikovo and was a turning point in the struggle of the Russian people against the yoke of the Golden Horde. This is one of the days of military glory of Russia, celebrated annually on September 21

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International Day of Peace

For most people on planet Earth, peace is an everyday reality. Our streets are calm, our children go to school. Where the foundations of society are strong, the priceless gift of peace may not be particularly noticed by anyone. However, for too many people in the modern world, this gift is nothing more than a fairytale dream. They live in chains, in an atmosphere of instability and fear. It is mainly for them that this day exists. In 1982, in its resolution, the UN General Assembly proclaimed the International Day of Peace as a day of universal ceasefire and renunciation of violence. Since then, the holiday, celebrated annually on September 21, has attracted millions of people, spanning many countries and regions. It is designed to make people not only think about the world, but also do something for it.

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Celebrations on Trinity Day of the Holy Trinity is celebrated by the church on the fiftieth day after Easter, which is why it is also called Pentecost. On this day, the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles is remembered. The Holy Spirit descended on the apostles as they all gathered together in the Zion Upper Room in Jerusalem. Suddenly there was a loud noise from the sky, as if from a rushing strong wind, and this noise filled the entire house in which they were located. Then they all saw, as it were, splitting tongues of fire, and one tongue of fire rested on each of the apostles.

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Old Testament Trinity (Abraham's hospitality) The Holy Spirit who descended from heaven gave the apostles the grace of the priesthood for the establishment of the Church on earth, strength and intelligence for preaching the Word of God throughout the world. This day is considered the birthday of the New Testament Church and has been solemnly celebrated since ancient times.

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Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary Dormition - one of the twelve great church holidays - is celebrated on August 15 according to the old style, and on August 28 according to the new style. From August 1, according to the old style, or August 14, according to the new style, the two-week strict Dormition Fast begins. Why do we not mourn on the day of the death of the Mother of God, but celebrate this event? Because the word “dormition” alone shows that the death of the Mother of God was extraordinary. It was like a short dream, followed by birth into eternal life.

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The Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos This festival in honor of the Virgin is truly adorned with many and great gifts and is rightly revered as the day of salvation for the whole world, wrote Saint Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople, in the 9th century. The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is the result and crown of the Old Testament, all the hopes and aspirations of pre-Christian humanity. The Feast of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary introduces a person into a very special circle of ideas and reflections. Through a long series of generations, God's Providence prepared this vessel of the Divine for itself on earth. “The Most Blessed Mary, descending in a direct line from Abraham and David, counts among her ancestors the Old Testament patriarchs, many high priests, leaders and kings of the Jews. Thus, if respectable valor, spiritual qualities and merits are assimilated and bring respect to the name of their descendants in the world; then faith, meekness, courage, patience and other virtues of the race of Abram and David in the very birth of the Virgin Mary adorned Her name.”

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Maslenitsa Maslenitsa is an ancient Russian folk holiday that dates back to the times of ancient, pagan Rus'. The holiday intertwined both pagan and Christian customs. The holiday does not have a fixed calendar date; it is celebrated according to the church calendar at the end of winter - beginning of spring. Maslenitsa is an ancient Slavic holiday that we inherited from pagan culture. This is a cheerful farewell to winter, illuminated by the joyful anticipation of imminent warmth and spring renewal of nature. Folk festivities continue for seven whole days with songs, dances, Russian folk games, horse riding, and ditties. On the most joyful last day of Maslenitsa - Forgiveness Sunday - an effigy is burned and everyone asks each other for forgiveness, freeing themselves from sins before Lent. Since ancient times, the indispensable and most important attribute of Maslenitsa has been, of course, round, rosy, hot pancakes - a symbol of the sun, which grew brighter and brighter, lengthening the days. With butter, sour cream, caviar, mushrooms or sturgeon - for every taste! The holiday is celebrated on a special scale in Suzdal. Many people come here to have a fun winter and welcome the long-awaited spring. Maslenitsa in Suzdal is a bright and unforgettable holiday, which is accompanied by games, fun, theatrical folklore performances, horse riding, burning effigies, delicious pancakes and Russian cuisine. Celebrate Maslenitsa in Suzdal, welcome spring fun, bright and noisy!

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Epiphany Another Orthodox holiday is celebrated annually in Suzdal - Epiphany. The Feast of Epiphany is a very significant holiday for Orthodox Christians. The rite of Baptism is a special sacrament of the Orthodox Church, during which the person being baptized is cleansed of the sins of his past life. The history of the holiday of Epiphany is interesting. The holiday is dedicated to the baptism of Jesus Christ by John the Baptist in the Jordan River. It is believed that by celebrating this holiday according to all the rules, the believer gets rid of all diseases and illnesses.

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Baptism The rite of Baptism is a special sacrament of the Orthodox Church, during which the person being baptized is cleansed of the sins of a past life. In Rus', on the day of Orthodox baptism, it is customary to dive into an ice hole. It is believed that water on the night of Epiphany acquires supernatural properties, has extraordinary healing powers, cures all kinds of ailments, and heals both body and spirit. For many Orthodox Christians, the holiday of Epiphany becomes a good tradition of strengthening faith, spirit and body. For these purposes, a special bath is built, where everyone who wants to perform the rite of Baptism can go. Swimming in the ice hole takes place in a civilized manner, under the supervision of rescuers and doctors. Swimming in an ice hole is a wonderful conditioning and cleansing of the body, good spirits and a lot of impressions and enthusiastic stories.

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Easter In the spring, after a long, harsh winter, after strict fasting, the Orthodox celebrate the bright holiday of Easter. Easter is the greatest, big holiday for all Christian believers. On Easter, the entire Orthodox world sings of the deliverance of all mankind from the slavery of the devil. But to do this, you must first undergo a strict long-term fast, thereby proving your readiness and desire to free yourself from defilement. This period is full of prayers, services, church chants. We must forgive everyone and ask forgiveness from others. The Orthodox Easter holiday is the brightest, most beautiful, touching, instructive, kind Orthodox holiday. At Easter, it is customary to paint eggs as a symbol of resurrection, bake Easter cakes, and prepare Easter cottage cheese. At Easter, it is customary to exchange colored eggs with the words “Christ is Risen.” The holiday of Orthodox Easter begins at midnight between Holy Saturday and Resurrection. The service begins at midnight with beautiful chants, then all believers go to the Procession of the Cross. The significance of Easter is very great for Orthodox Christians; it is the greatest holiday of purification and forgiveness.

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Night of Ivan Kupala July 9 to July 10 (at night) The day of the summer solstice marks the holiday of Ivan Kupala - the holiday of water and fire. Our ancestors called the pagan god of fertility Ivan Kupala. Kupalo was portrayed as a brave young man with curly hair and a beard. Kostroma, a young woman in white clothes with an oak branch in her hands, was considered a symbol of fertility. Our ancestors regularly celebrated this holiday, believing in the mercy of the gods and hoping for a rich harvest. But modern reality has set its own accents - the holiday of Ivan Kupala is a time for relaxation, entertainment and fun. The holiday of Ivan Kupala is distinguished by its mystery. According to popular belief, on this night, herbs have the greatest healing power. They used a white tablecloth to remove dew from the herbs and wash themselves; it was believed that diseases would go away with the dew. Celebrants bathed in rivers to relieve illness. One of the traditions was to lower a set fire wheel to the river: a symbol of the turning of the sun towards winter. Bonfires were lit on the river bank, round dances were held, ritual games were held, and people waited for the month to meet the sun. There is a beautiful legend that ferns bloom on this night once a year. And with the help of this flower, buried treasures are opened.

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Christmas Christmas is a bright, pure religious holiday. Our ancestors also glorified Kolyada. Kolyada is the pagan god of feasts and peace. Christian and pagan customs are mixed here. The mummers entered houses with candles burning on the windows, danced, sang carols, and entertained the owners with jokes. For this, the hospitable hosts treated the mummers to sweets and gave gifts. Today, Christmas has not lost its relevance. This is a family, home holiday that brings different generations together. Sledding, songs, dances, theatrical performances, competitions and constant gifts.

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The presentation “Methodological piggy bank “Folk Holidays”, dedicated to the year of culture, is presented as the work experience of a teacher of the first qualification category by Larina N.V. Interest in the past, one's roots, in history, culture, and the way of life of the people, which naturally arises at a certain stage in the development of human society, is a worldwide trend. Only on the basis of the past can one understand the present and foresee the future. A people who does not pass on all that is most valuable from generation to generation is a people without a future. The presentation “Folk Holidays” will be of interest to kindergarten teachers, because one of the main tasks of educators is to create conditions for the active development of the culture of their native people and the preservation of their traditions. It is preschool childhood that is the time when a genuine, sincere immersion in the origins of national culture is possible.

In our preschool, much attention is paid to introducing children to the traditions of Russian folk holidays. Why did I turn specifically to the holidays? Folk holidays help children feel like a part of their people, learn about their traditions and customs, and develop their creative abilities. These holidays give an idea of ​​folk beliefs, traditional rituals, and everyday life of the Russian people. They teach a careful, reverent attitude towards nature, their native land, their ancestors, and the history of the people.

Holidays are a wonderful opportunity for preschoolers to show a wide variety of talents, since the main feature of the holiday is its creative theatrical basis. This is an opportunity to unite children and adults with a common goal, relieve some internal conflicts, and make them feel the joy of communication and the joy of joint creativity.

The presentation “Popular Holidays” includes comments on the slides that will help you work with the presentation.

Comments on the presentation « Methodical box “Folk holidays”.

Comment on slide number 1: I present to your attention the materials of the methodological piggy bank “Folk Holidays”. The wide variety of methods and scattered material on Russian folk culture in preschool institutions does not allow educators and teachers to more deeply and purposefully introduce children to their native culture, to cultivate a sense of national patriotism and pride in their country.

Comment on slide number 2: The purpose of my methodological piggy bank is: to develop in preschool children an interest in Russian folk culture in the process of becoming familiar with calendar holidays. Now the national memory is gradually returning to us, and we are beginning to have a new attitude towards ancient holidays, traditions, folklore, artistic crafts, decorative and applied arts, in which the people left us the most valuable of their cultural achievements, sifted through the sieve of centuries. For three years I have been working towards the study of folk art, instilling in children a caring, loving attitude towards Russian culture and folk traditions.

Comment on slide number 3: On folk holidays I use different types of folklore (riddles, games, round dances, theatrical performances, proverbs, sayings, chants). I base my work on introducing children to Russian folk culture on the basis of the folk calendar. In everyday life and educational activities, children become acquainted with oral folk art, musical folklore, folk games, holidays, rituals, and get an idea of ​​the work, life, costume of the Russian people, folk crafts, and decorative arts. In my presentation I present five seasonal folk festivals. The annual folk calendar - which brings together the natural circle of all cycles of human life on earth, incorporating all the colors of folk life, holidays, folk crafts - helps me build my work with children according to the natural cycle, for example: autumn - harvesting, autumn holidays, folk festival, followed by winter: Christmas - winter holidays and rituals. Maslenitsa - farewell to winter. Easter is Bright Sunday.

Comment on slide number 4: Forms of organizing preparations for the Autumn holiday are:
1. Conversation “Autumn is a meeting of autumn in Rus'.”
2. Exhibition of crafts “Gifts of Autumn” (joint activity of children and parents).
3. Holiday "Osenin".

Comment on slide number 5: In the agricultural calendar of the Slavs, “Oseniny” was celebrated as a harvest festival. On this day, Thanksgiving was given to Mother Earth.

Comment on slide number 6: Joint participation in creative activities helps unite the family and fill its leisure time with new content. This is an exhibition of crafts “Gifts of Autumn”, where works are presented from natural materials, vegetables, fruits - everything that autumn has given us.

Comment on slide No. 7: The next holiday that children love very much is “Christmas”. In organizing holiday preparations I use:
1. View the presentation “How Christmas is celebrated in different countries”
2. Conversation “The History of Carols.”
3. Learning carols with children.
4. Theatrical holiday “Christmas Carols”.

Comment on slide number 8: Significant moral and aesthetic potential lies in Russian folk chants, carols, proverbs and sayings.

Comment on slide number 9: Children and teachers take part in the theatrical holiday “Christmas Carols,” and the parents of my students are very active in organizing and holding the holiday.

Comment on slide number 10: Children's favorite holiday is Maslenitsa. Forms of organizing preparations for the holiday are as follows:
1. Conversation “History and traditions of the Maslenitsa holiday.”
2. Artistic creativity – “Painting samovars” (drawing technique with cotton swabs).
3. Gatherings “Russian pancakes are good.”
4. Celebration “Seeing off Maslenitsa”.

Comment on slide number 11: Children really like to paint samovars; the aesthetic perception of objects and phenomena, products of folk craftsmen is carried out by me with the inclusion of aesthetic scenes, an explanation of what makes an object, a product created by a child, beautiful. Children gradually begin to understand the beauty of their surroundings and give a detailed aesthetic assessment of works of art.

Comment on slide number 12: The diversity of folklore material and its integration into various types of activities accessible to children allows us to successfully solve the problems of moral education of children. Traditional gatherings “Russian pancakes are good.” The gatherings end with eating traditional pancakes.

Comment on slide number 13: And the holiday itself - a celebration, takes place on the street with the main character "Maslenitsa"

Comment on slide number 14: The next holiday is “Larks”. Forms of organizing preparation for the holiday.
1. Conversation “History and customs of the holiday “Larks”.
2. Learning nicknames.
3. Traditional baked goods “Zhavoronkov”.
4. Holiday “Meeting of Spring”.

Comment on slide number 15: The holiday takes place on March 22 - it is believed that it is at this time that spring finally gives way to winter.

Comment on slide number 16: The main indicator of the success of the holiday is the emotional coloring of the atmosphere. This atmosphere is determined by the natural behavior of children, interest, and joyful emotions. The more surprises there are at a holiday, the more the holiday corresponds to its main purpose - to please children.
And the surprise is the traditional baking of “Zhavoronki”, memorizing chants with children, welcoming Spring.

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Easter
Easter - the Holy Resurrection of Christ - is the greatest holiday in the Russian Orthodox Church.
On Easter, all Christians must do good and merciful deeds.
On Easter, everyone gives each other colored eggs, eats Easter cakes and Easter cottage cheese.
Apple Spas (August 19)
According to a long-standing tradition in Rus', on this day apples were picked and taken to church for consecration. Also on this day, honey, cherries, plums, other fruits and even vegetables continue to be blessed.
The most active harvesting of apples for the winter begins with Apple Spas; It was customary to pick apples early in the morning.
Pokrov (October 14)
Intercession is one of the most beloved Russian autumn holidays (Protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary). On this day they said: “Father Pokrov, cover the hut with warmth, and the hostess with goodness.”
On this day, the girls always prayed for a good groom - the Intercession was considered the patron saint of weddings.
From the day of the Intercession they began to regularly heat the stoves in the huts.
Maslenitsa
Maslenitsa (farewell to Winter and welcome to Spring) has always been one of the most joyful holidays in Rus'. People called Maslenitsa a boyar, cheerful, broad, wild, honest.
Maslenitsa is the time for pancakes, pancakes, cheesecakes, pies, donuts and other all kinds of delicacies.
Pancakes are a must-have treat for Maslenitsa. Many Russian proverbs and sayings speak about this: “As during Maslenitsa pancakes flew to the ceiling”, “On Maslenitsa go on a roller coaster ride, lie in pancakes”, “It’s not life, but Maslenitsa”.
Honey Spas (August 14)
It was believed that it was from this day that bees stopped producing honey. On this day, it was customary to take all the collected honey to the church and consecrate it.
Not only honey was prepared on this day. There was an active collection of berries - raspberries, bird cherry, medicinal herbs.
Holidays in Rus'
primary school teacher MBOU secondary school No.
182 Novosibirsk
Evlantieva
Vera Vladimirovna
Epiphany (January 19)
A special feature of this holiday are two great blessings of water, in contrast to the “small” ones, which can be performed on any other days.
In some provinces it was believed that on the night of Epiphany the angels themselves descend to earth and bless the water in all springs and reservoirs.
The priest blessed the water by reading appropriate prayers and immersing the cross into the hole three times. After this, everyone tried to scoop up the blessed Epiphany water. Then many people jumped into the icy water and swam.
Elijah's Day (August 2)
On this day (August 2, new style), the Russian Orthodox Church remembers the prophet Elijah. In Rus', Elijah the prophet was universally called “formidable,” and this day was considered the most dangerous day of the year. People believed that there was rarely a thunderstorm on Ilya. If there is not a cloud in the sky on this day, then the grain will not be harvested.
After Ilya’s day, one was no longer supposed to swim in the river, because “Ilya cooled the water,” and the water does not rejoice at those who walk across Ilya.
Christmastide
These are two weeks of winter holidays, starting on Christmas Eve and lasting until Epiphany (January 19), they were the main Russian winter holiday.
According to Russian beliefs, with the beginning of Christmastide, the souls of the dead return to earth from the other world, as well as all sorts of evil spirits, which is why the fun of evil spirits and witches begins on earth. The Yuletide customs of pagan Rus' consisted of spells for prosperity for the entire next year and fortune telling about the future.
Working during Christmas time was considered a sin.
Main
Activities on Christmastide included dressing up as mummers, fortune-telling, and so-called pampering (the three main Yuletide customs).
Thank you for your attention!
Ivan Kupala (7 July)
Kupala is the oldest Slavic holiday of thanksgiving to the sun and the generosity of the forest. On this day, all the Slavs wove wreaths of flowers and put them on their heads, and also girded themselves with a belt of flowers and herbs. On this day, they always danced in circles and sang songs.
Kupala was called “Love” because only on this day (and only once a year), according to popular belief, does the fern bloom, with the help of which “a girl’s heart is lit with fire for love.” And whoever finds such a flower will be loved and happy.
Most of the rituals performed on the eve of Ivan Kupala were associated with protection from possible evil spirits.
Christmas (January 7)
This is one of the biggest Christian holidays. On the night before Christmas, many went to church; if there was no church nearby, women usually practiced fortune telling.
From Christmas to Epiphany, hunting animals and birds was considered a sin.
People believed that snow on Christmas meant a good year, a blizzard meant bees would swarm well, frost meant a grain harvest, and a starry sky meant a pea harvest.
Trinity
Trinity Day (Trinity or Pentecost) - occurs on the seventh Sunday after Easter. This is the fiftieth day after Easter, a holiday in honor of the Triune God - Father, Son and Holy Spirit, the day of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles.
On this day, everyone came to church with birch branches or bouquets of wildflowers. Wildflowers that visited the church on Trinity Sunday were dried and stored behind the icons on the shrine. Or they were placed in the beds so that there would be no mice, and in the attic so that there would be no fire in the house.
Sign of the Trinity: there will be rain on Trinity
there are a lot of mushrooms in the forests.
Nut Spas (August 29)
On this day, in central Russia and in the southern provinces they began to harvest nuts.
On the third Spas, people watched the flight of cranes. If the cranes flew south to the third Spas, then there will be frost on Pokrov (October 14), if not, then winter will begin later.