Developmental activities for 4 years old. Development of thinking in four- to five-year-old children. The child starts pointing at the tablet before speaking. So why not make the most of your time with him?

The baby's toddler age is left behind. The child grows up, delighting his family with new skills. Sometimes he is lazy, fails to cope, sometimes cries and gets nervous. But is it necessary to interfere in children's fun and help the child play and develop? The answer is clear: “Yes!” It is better if parents actively participate in the child's development. Research shows that children who are happier, sociable and more socially adjusted grow up in a family where mom and dad spent enough time on the child: they played, drew, sculpted, and glued together. Therefore, it is better to put aside your affairs, turn off the TV and start developing the most important person!

Skills

Modern methods offer parents a lot of educational games. In order not to get lost in their diversity and choose the right ones, the first thing you need to determine is for what age group the classes are needed.

Children require the most attention before school. Usually this is a period of 4-5 years. The child already speaks well enough and is ready to listen and learn. But before choosing educational activities for children 4-5 years old, you need to figure out what they should be able to do at this age.

1. Determine the positions of objects (top, right, middle).
2. Know the basic shapes (circle, oval).
3. Be able to count to 10. Count objects in order.
4. Arrange items by counting.
5. Understand the comparison of objects, name their characteristics (thicker, thinner, big, small).
6. Distinguish numbers from letters.

Help for parents

So, the baby has all the necessary skills and is ready for classes. Where to begin?
Activities should be selected according to the child’s temperament. If the mother cannot cope on her own, a specialist can help her with this in individual lessons. Sometimes parents give preference to special development centers, where the program for children is drawn up by a teacher-psychologist. Most children attend kindergartens, where the teacher also plays with them.

But if the baby does not attend preschool institutions or the mother wants to work with the child herself, then educational activities at home will come to her aid. What are these? What should you pay attention to when choosing training programs?

Game form

The first thing you need to understand is that no matter what developmental activities parents choose for children 4-5 years old, they should be presented to their child only in the form of a game. And nothing else! During this period, children perfectly grasp any information if it captivates them. How else to interest a naughty girl, if not with a funny game?

Exercises and developmental activities for preschoolers

Let them be simple games without any theme to begin with. You can bring pencils or markers and a large sheet of paper. Invite your child to dream up. For example, a mother starts a drawing and a child finishes it. Then laugh together at the finished “masterpiece.” A good option is modeling or assembling a construction set. You can also make an applique with your child, play a board game, or even solve a crossword puzzle. All this is needed to understand what the baby does best. After all, if you identify talent at such an early age, there will be a real opportunity to develop it, and perhaps even make it your child’s profession. All adults know how important it is to do what you love in life.

Other activities

If your child is bored with such simple games or he does not show interest in them, you can look for other topics of educational activities.

1. The most important thing for any child is physical development. Parents just need to decide what they want: just keep their child healthy or make him an athlete. Again, focus on the child’s wishes. You can practice dancing, wrestling, cycling or scootering, roller skating, swimming, football. There are still plenty of options.

2. Motor skills. Perhaps as important as sports. You can build blocks, constructor sets, assemble puzzles, play in the sandbox, stack pebbles, sculpt from plasticine or clay, draw with crayons, or master “puppet theater,” among other things.

3. Creative educational activities for children 4-5 years old provide unlimited freedom for imagination. A child can be introduced to any type of art. You can teach him to draw, write poetry, sculpt, cut out paper, do theatrical performances, sing and even sew, embroider and knit (but only if safety precautions are observed and in the presence of adults!)

4. If the baby is already ready to study, you can work with him to master letters and numbers, thereby training his speech. Contrary to the belief that a child should learn everything at school, it will be better if the child goes to first grade prepared. This will make it easier for him, he will become more confident in himself, and, therefore, he will worry less.

5. Training in thinking, memory, logic. For these purposes, you can learn poetry, read and retell texts, name colors, shapes and volumes of objects, solve riddles and puzzles, assemble puzzles, play checkers and charades.

6. It’s great if the child also learns the rules of etiquette. He must learn to greet correctly, apologize, thank, give up his seat, and help adults. It's good when a boy knows how a gentleman should behave, and a girl learns to be a lady. No matter how outdated these concepts may be in the modern world, it is always nice when a child is well brought up and polite.

7. Some parents do not stop only at these common methods and offer their children individual developmental classes on rare topics. For example, they begin to introduce their child to space, mountains, rivers or rare animals and plants. Most often this happens due to the child’s spontaneous curiosity or is associated with the profession of the parents. In any case, no matter what a child is interested in, you should never leave his questions unanswered. He is growing up and wants to know everything. And the task of adults is to help the child with this.

Conclusion

And the most important thing in any activity with a child is that you need to stop at the moment when the child is tired and no longer wants to play or has lost interest in the subject of study. Under no circumstances force him to take classes, otherwise there will be no point in them!
Of course, any development of a child, regardless of age and place, is very important for his future life.

The kind of person he will grow up depends on how well and freely he can communicate, how well his speech, memory and culture are developed. However, you should not turn developmental activities for children 4-5 years old into some kind of duty or routine work. The child himself must regulate the time and duration of training. He should like the games, not his parents. Only then will he be able to fully enjoy the process and grow up as a happy and morally satisfied child!

The work program is aimed at the diversified development of children 4-5 years old in the middle group of the municipal budgetary preschool educational institution of the child development center of the first category kindergarten No. 118 of the Kirov district of the city of Rostov-on-Don.

This program has been developed in accordance with the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” FZ-273 dated December 29, 2012; Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education, SanPin 2.4.1. 3049-13, Regional Law of the Rostov Region “On Education in the Rostov Region” dated 10.22.04. No. 184 ZS, the main educational program of the preschool educational institution. And also based on the methodological recommendations of the “Childhood” program edited by V.I. Loginova, T.I. Babaeva, N.A. Notkina. Leading goals which are: introducing children into the world of universal human culture through fundamental problems that the child independently “discovers” on the basis of thinking and creative imagination in various types of active activities, expanding life experience.

The program is based on the principle of personality-oriented interaction between an adult and children and ensures the physical, social-personal, cognitive, speech and artistic-aesthetic development of children aged 4 to 5 years, taking into account their age and individual characteristics.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

Protecting the lives and strengthening the physical and mental health of children;

Ensuring the cognitive, speech, socio-communicative, artistic, aesthetic and physical development of children;

Education taking into account the age categories of children, citizenship, respect for human rights and freedoms, love for the surrounding nature, Motherland, family;

Development of individuality, communicative culture and social activity of the child in collective creative activity;

Creating conditions for providing parents with the opportunity for additional education in the following areas: formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle, artistic and aesthetic development;

Interaction with children's families to ensure the full development of children;

Providing advisory and methodological assistance to parents (legal representatives) on issues of upbringing, education and development of children.

The desire for independence. It is important for a child to do a lot on his own; he is now more able to take care of himself and needs less adult care. The other side of independence is a statement of one’s rights, needs, attempts to establish one’s own rules in the world around one.

Ethical views. The child expands the palette of conscious emotions, he begins to understand the feelings of other people and empathize. At this age, basic ethical concepts begin to form, perceived by the child not through what adults tell him, but based on how they act.

Creative skills. The development of imagination is entering a very active phase. A child lives in a world of fairy tales and fantasies; he is able to create entire worlds on paper or in his head. In dreams and various fantasies, the child gets the opportunity to become the main character, to achieve the recognition he lacks.

Fears as a consequence of developed imagination. The child feels insufficiently protected in front of the big world. He uses his magical thinking to gain a sense of security. But the uncontrollability of fantasies can give rise to a wide variety of fears.

Peer relationships. The child develops a great interest in peers, and he increasingly moves from intrafamily relationships to broader relationships with the world. The joint game becomes more complex, it has a variety of plot and role-playing content (games to the hospital, to the store, to the war, acting out favorite fairy tales). Children are friends, quarrel, make peace, get offended, are jealous, and help each other. Communication with peers occupies an increasingly important place in a child’s life, and the need for recognition and respect from peers becomes more and more pronounced.

Active curiosity, which forces children to constantly ask questions about everything they see. They are ready to talk all the time, discuss various issues. But their volition is not yet sufficiently developed, that is, the ability to engage in something that is not interesting to them, and therefore their cognitive interest is best quenched in an exciting conversation or an entertaining game.

To create equal conditions and fully implement the work program, the group has the following material and technical base:

Teaching aids in accordance with age;

Card index of games for social and moral education;

Card files of finger, breathing, articulatory gymnastics - aimed at the development of fine and

gross motor skills, formation of a healthy lifestyle;

The card file of active and sedentary games is aimed at developing the vestibular apparatus,

musculoskeletal system, dexterity and attentiveness of the child;

Card index of experiments on the development of research activities and cognitive activity of the child;

Role-playing games: “Shop”, “Hospital”, “Barbershop”, “Cafe”, “Steamboat”, “Sailors”, etc.; with everyday plots “Family”, “Kindergarten”, “To the dacha”, etc.

Didactic games: on PPD, life safety, mathematics, speech development, ecology, etc.

Puppet theater - costumes, masks, attributes for acting out fairy tales, a themed set of fairy tales

characters - aimed at developing creative abilities;

Musical instruments - metallophone, drum, tambourine, bells, rattle, triangle, tape recorder.

Sports equipment - large and small balls, hoops, flags, ribbons, handkerchiefs. etc.

Library of children's literature in accordance with the age of children, children's favorite books;

Various types of construction sets, mosaics of different shapes and colors, paired pictures and other printed board games - for the development of constructive skills and creative imagination and thinking.

This work program provides for the solution of program educational tasks in the joint activities of adults and children and the independent activities of children, not only within the framework of direct educational activities, but also during routine moments in accordance with the specifics of preschool education in accordance with the cognitive needs of the modern child.

The goals and objectives of the work program are achieved by introducing the child to the visual arts, music, children's literature and native language, ecology, mathematics, and games. It is aimed at revealing the individual qualities of the child and helping him adapt to society. The peculiarity of the program is that all types of activities: various activities, communication with adults and peers, play, work, experimentation, and theatrical performances are very closely intertwined. This enables the child not only to remember knowledge that is separate from each other, but to quietly accumulate a variety of ideas about the world, master all kinds of knowledge, skills and abilities, and comprehend his capabilities.

During the day, the organization of the educational process for children of this age group occurs in accordance with the module:

The volume of the training load is calculated in accordance with the requirements of SanPin 2.4.1. 3049-13. Classes are organized throughout the year from September to May.

Music classes and physical education classes are conducted by specialists.

At the end of the school year, monitoring is carried out of children's mastery of educational areas of OOP MBDOU No. 118 in order to practically study and track the dynamics of children's development in order to organize the pedagogical process, taking into account the choice of means and methods of pedagogical activity.

The effectiveness of the pedagogical process is assessed on the basis of the dynamics of change for each child, where the main indicator of the quality of educational work is progress in the child’s development (low rates of task completion are regarded as positive if they are higher than previous ones).

Speech development

tasks: develop coherent monologue speech: learn to compose descriptive stories about objects and objects, descriptive stories based on pictures; develop the ability to clearly pronounce complex sounds of your native language; stimulate the development of the child’s initiative and independence in verbal communication with adults and peers, the use of elements of descriptive monologues and explanatory speech in communication practice; develop the need for business and intellectual communication with adults; develop the ability to perceive and understand the emotions of the interlocutor and respond adequately to them.

Methods: descriptive stories, conversation and joint activities, developing practical and game situations, role-playing, didactic games.

Planned results:

1. The child shows initiative and activity in communication; solves everyday and gaming problems through communication with adults and peers; learns new information, expresses a request, a complaint, expresses desires, avoids conflict; without a reminder he greets and says goodbye, says “thank you, please.”

2. Takes initiative in conversation, answers questions, asks counter questions, shows interest and independence in using simple forms of explanatory speech.

3. Pronounces all sounds clearly, uses means of emotional and verbal expressiveness.

4. Independently retells stories and fairy tales, with a little help from an adult, composes descriptive and plot stories, and composes riddles.

5. Shows word creativity, interest in language, distinguishes between the concepts of “word” and “sound”. Isolates the first sound in a word, hears words with a given first sound. Distinguishes vowels and consonants by ear.

Forward planning

Fiction

This section focuses on solving tasks: deepen children's interest in literature, cultivate a desire for constant communication with books in joint and independent activities with adults; support children's desire to reflect their impressions of the works they listened to, literary characters and events in various types of artistic activities: in drawings, making figurines and decorative elements for theatrical games.

Methods: follow-up conversation, modeling, theater games, reading fiction.

Planned results:

1. The child listens attentively and with interest to the reading or storytelling. Strives to re-encounter the work and its characters, asks an adult to read a new literary work.

2. Easily involved in the process of perception, willingly discusses the work, expresses his attitude to events, characters, the beauty of some artistic means, answers questions about the content, establishes causal connections, introduces characters, features of their appearance, some character traits, explains obvious motives actions of the heroes, gives them a basic assessment.

3.Has an idea of ​​some of the features of such literary genres as riddle, fairy tale, short story, poem and fable.

4. The skills of artistic and speech activity based on literary texts are developed: the child retells familiar and newly read fairy tales and stories, expressively recites poems, nursery rhymes, and riddles by heart, and willingly participates in games with onomatopoeia and rhymes.

5. Actively and willingly participates in various types of creative artistic activities based on folklore and literary works: draws illustrations, sculpts and designs figures for theatrical games, creating interesting images of heroes.

Forward planning

Small forms of folklore. “Long-nosed crane...”; “We lived with grandma...”; “Needle, needle...”; “Like thin ice...”; “Bubble”: “I walk with the vine...”; “The sun is a bell...”; “You, my grass...”; “The horse is walking...”

Fairy tales. “Two Greedy Little Bears” (Hungarian), “Hare and Hedgehog” (German), “Like a Dog Was Looking for a Friend” (Mordovian), “Spikelet”, “Mitten” (Ukrainian), “Pot of Porridge” (French). ) “Why does a cat wash itself after eating” (lit.), “The Three Little Pigs” (English). “Geese-swans”, “Zhikharka”, “Cockerel and bean grain”, “Zayushkina’s hut”, “Winter hut of animals”, “Fox with a rolling pin”, “Puff”, “Salt barrel”, “Snow Maiden and the fox”.

A work of Russian classical literature. K. Aksakov “My Marichen is so small..”; O. Belyavskaya “Willows”, “In the Meadow”; G. Galina “Song of the Mice”, “Sleep, Son!”; A. Pushkin “The East was covered with a ruddy dawn”; “The spruce tree grows in front of the palace..”; I. Surikov “The first snow is fluffy”; L. Tolstoy “A cat slept on the roof..”, “Varya had a siskin”, “Sasha was a coward”, “It was winter”; K. Ushinsky “Medicine”, “Vaska”, “Animal Dispute”, “Bishka”, “Four Desires”; A. Fet “The cat is singing, his eyes are squinting..”, “Wonderful picture..”, “The swallows are missing..”; S. Cherny “About the girl who found her teddy bear”, “Name”.

A work of modern Russian and foreign literature. Z. Alexandrova Evening on the river; Dandelion – A. Borto. Bullfinch; Left - E. Blaginina. Alyonushka; Magpie - Belobok. - V. Berestov. Cat puppy - B. Zhitkov. Mug under the Christmas tree. – M. Zoshchenko. Stupid story. - V. Inber. Centipedes. - L. Kvitko. On a visit; Horse - A. Kushner. Why did I give up everything; What's in the corner? S. Marshak. That's how absent-minded he is; poodle; Vanka, stand up; Children in a cage. I. Meznin. Black and gray; A simple word. - N. Nosov. Metro; Steps. L. Panteleev. Stories to Belochka and Tamara. – Ya. Tayts. For mushrooms - D. Kharms. Very, very tasty pie; Cheerful old man; A very strange story. - G. Tsyferov. Airplane - E. Charushin. Stories from the collections “Why Tyupa doesn’t catch birds”, “Nikitina’s hunt”, “About Tomka”. – K. Chukovsky. Fedorino grief; Cockroach; Miracle tree.

Developmental activities for children 3-4 years old and younger today are becoming a natural need for every family. It has already been proven that a child begins to learn from birth. Why? First of all, be independent. And, of course, to navigate the Huge Interesting World around him. This vision of the relationship between Parents and Baby helps create a special type of interaction within the family. From the first months we see and support a creative, actively developing Personality in our newborn baby.

What are the features of educational activities for children aged 3-4 years?

The age of three marks the beginning of a special period - the crisis of negativism. The next one and a half to two years will pass under the motto “I myself!” and “I don’t want to!” Too much patience is spent just to organize simple actions like dressing, feeding, going for a walk, putting to bed. In such a situation, homeschooling for 3-year-old children can become burdensome for loved ones. However, you should not despair and think that the active cognitive process will have to be postponed indefinitely.

The caring, attentive teachers and psychologists of our Montessori center are ready to help you! Want to know exactly how our classes work? Bring your child to the first lesson for free!

The unique method of the outstanding teacher Maria Montessori has demonstrated its effectiveness for a whole century. In our work, we took into account all the author’s achievements and creatively applied them in our activities:

• We have organized an interesting and at the same time absolutely safe Montessori environment for conducting developmental activities for children from 3-4 years old and other ages;
• In order for inquisitive kids to discover all their natural abilities and satisfy their cognitive needs, we purchased high-quality proprietary didactic materials for working on fine and gross motor skills and realizing intellectual inclinations;
• Absolutely all types of learning and creativity, all classes for children 3 years old in our center are organized in such a way that the child increases his main resource, the main driving force - motivation for cognitive activity;
• We are not trying to fulfill any “program” that is age-appropriate by any criteria; We try to create a harmonious worldview and a special creative atmosphere in the process of educational activities for children aged 3-4 years.

Individual and group lessons, during which the teacher understands the character traits and cognitive processes of little Stars, give the child peace of mind and self-confidence. After all, every child is simply created to receive and absorb simply amazing amounts of new knowledge. When a baby gets this opportunity, his character becomes softer and more flexible. After all, he has everything he needs!

What developmental activities for children 3-5 years old are available in our center?

We suggest choosing the type of activity that is most suitable for you:

• Mini kindergarten is 3 or 4 hours, during which the little one studies with loving, competent specialists; parental accompaniment is not required;
• The general development group “Cosmonauts” is one and a half or two hour classes for children 3 years of age and older, where the child will be taught to read, count, under the guidance of a speech therapist, they will take care of speech development, and offer interesting role-playing games and theatrical performances;
• An adaptation group for kindergarten, in which the mother can attend classes with the baby if it is difficult for him to part with her at first;
• Developmental classes for children 3-4-5 years old in a weekend group.

The childhood period from 4 to 5 years is called a time of relative calm. The child overcame the crisis and became more obedient, flexible, and calm. There is an increased need for friends and a significant increase in interest in the world around us. What skills does a baby already possess by the fourth year of life and what developmental activities are suitable for children 4-5 years old, read in our article.

Age characteristics

When a child reaches 4-5 years of age, parents seriously think about the need to prepare for school. After all, before entering first grade, a child must learn to read, use a pen and pencils, and the basics of mathematics. It is better to start preparing in advance so that the child has time to master the necessary knowledge and does not lose interest in learning in the future.

This age is characterized by the following features:

1. The baby is active, energetic, but has gained perseverance. There is a noticeable improvement in fine motor skills. A love for drawing appears.
2. At 4-4.5 years, significant external changes in the child are noted. Muscle and bone tissue begin to develop rapidly.
3. The social side is important in the development of a four-year-old child. He begins to make friends among the children. Able to notice people's feelings and empathize. The preschooler learned to formulate his thoughts.
4. Rapid development of imagination. The child lives in his own fantasy world and creates fairy-tale lands. He imagines himself as the main character, the conqueror of the success he lacks in reality. Many 4 year olds have imaginary friends. Also, the unbridled imagination of children at four or five years old gives rise to various fears.
5. A four-year-old child continues the process of mastering his native speech. Many children of this age have a slight lisp. There is rapid growth in vocabulary (we recommend reading the article: speech therapy classes for children). Expression and intonation appear in speech. He likes to voice his actions and everything that is in front of his eyes. He is inquisitive and asks many questions all the time.
6. Children over four years of age are characterized by a significant increase in intellectual capabilities. The child is ready to learn letters and numbers.

The child's developmental and knowledge needs

The psychological development of four-year-old children has characteristics based on active curiosity. It is important for the formation of intelligence, but all possible support from adults is required. Reluctance to answer the child’s questions, refusal to conduct educational games and conversations can lead to missing an important point and, as a result, the child’s mental development delay. In the future, the child will have difficulties with learning at school.

No matter how much parents want their children to become independent as quickly as possible, their full development requires adults to organize and participate in children’s educational games. Joint activities (developmental, educational) and the enthusiasm of adults are the key to a positive result. Organizing games will not require much effort and time. You can use developmental games that are designed for children, taking into account their age and psyche. Workbooks and manuals are widely available in bookstores, which will allow you to choose the most suitable, interesting and useful methodology and design.

Important: When a child is 4 years old, developmental activities with him at home should be exciting. At this age, babies are not yet able to sit still for a long time, so physical education is definitely needed.

Main directions of development of children 4-5 years old

Conducting educational activities with children at home is of great importance. In this case, you need to choose different directions, from modeling to sports. It is recommended to develop a home study plan and try to stick to it. Make such a plan for five to six days, based on the results of the previous week. Don't forget that your child needs weekends just like you.

Comprehensive training is organized so that the lessons do not burden the child, but are perceived by him as interesting fun. Below is an optimal list of skills that need to be developed at 4-5 years of age.

Based on this information, you can make for yourself a list of those skills and knowledge that are relevant for a preschooler of this age.

• using more than 1,000 words (up to 3,000 words by age five), constructing a phrase of 5-9 words;
• speech should be understandable not only to parents, but also to other people;
• knowledge of the structural features of humans and animals, the names of body parts;
• use of the plural;
• correct use of prepositions;
• the ability to find a thing by description;
• knowledge of professions;
• maintaining a conversation, answering questions, asking them correctly;
• retelling a fairy tale, the ability to memorize poems and nursery rhymes;
• knowledge of your first name, last name, age, city of residence.

Logical thinking and attention:

• The thinking of a 4-year-old child is visual and figurative; actions have practical meaning; until the end of the 5th year there is a gradual transition to generalized, verbal-logical thinking;
• the ability to find differences and similarities between pictures and things;
• self-assembly of an object according to a model (pyramids, construction sets);
• the ability to fold a picture cut into 2-4 parts;
• the level of development of neural processes ensures that the child performs one task for several minutes (about 5), without switching to foreign objects;
• the ability to insert missing fragments of a picture;
• generalize and name a group of things in one word, find a pair, an extra thing;
• selection of opposite words;
• recognition of objects in a picture that are drawn incorrectly, with an explanation of what exactly is incorrect;
• ability to concentrate on a single task and notice small details.

Mathematics:

• knowledge of numbers from 0 to 10, the ability to count objects, correlate their number with a number;
• the ability to sequentially arrange numbers from 1 to 5 and vice versa;
• comparison of different numbers of objects, concepts: “equally”, “less”, “more”.

Geometry:

• position of objects (back, front, right, left, bottom, top, middle);
• knowledge of geometric shapes: square, triangle, rectangle, circle, oval;
• and geometric bodies: cube, cylinder, pyramid, cone, ball.

Fiction:

• listening to the work for 15-20 minutes, answering questions about the content;
• viewing an illustrated book;
• knowledge of genres and types of art: songs, riddles, paintings, music, etc.;
• the ability, with the help of adults, to dramatize the part of the work you like.

Reading, preparation for writing:

• knowledge of all letters of the alphabet;
• reading three-letter words;
• age is characterized by excellent functioning of symbolic memory, so by the age of 5 the child will begin to attempt to read books; You shouldn’t be afraid of your baby’s reading load, but you shouldn’t overdo it either.

Physical Culture:

• improvement of motor coordination, development of motor skills, dexterity and speed;
• muscle growth is rapid, but not uniform, so a four- to five-year-old child gets tired quickly;
• height over the year should increase by an average of 5-7 cm, body weight - up to 2 kg;
• the skeleton is still flexible, since ossification is not complete, so power exercises are contraindicated, and posture must be constantly monitored;
• increasing the body's need for oxygen; an increase in lung volume leads to the replacement of the abdominal type of the respiratory system with a thoracic one;
• significant physical activity in the classroom leads to fatigue of the heart muscle and disruption of the heart rhythm; this is expressed in redness, paleness of the face, increased breathing, shortness of breath, uncoordinated movements; it is necessary to switch to another activity in time.

Advice: The physical development plan should include exercises, outdoor games, dancing, walking, running, etc. You cannot overdo it, classes are conducted in an easy and fun way. At home, you can do exercises on a children's exercise machine, roller skate, ride a bicycle, spin a hoop, etc.

Foreign language:

If the child successfully learns his native language, then he can begin to learn the basics of a foreign language. Training can be carried out both at home and in a specialized group for preschool children. Independent studies should be carried out on the basis of manuals with tasks for children 4-5 years old. Look through two or three manuals in the store with your child and together choose the optimal course of study. What is important for a child is not so much the order in which the material is taught, but rather the colorfulness and presence of active tasks (exercise, coloring, etc.)

The world:

• difference between vegetables, fruits and berries;
• knowledge of domestic animals, wild animals, and some insects;
• names of days of the week;
• guessing the seasons from pictures, knowing their signs.

It is useful to include basic education in various sciences in classes. For example, familiarization with space, countries, seas, etc. More often than not, this happens spontaneously. If you heard the name of a river in the film, tell your child where it flows. This way you can study units of measurement.

It is very important to organize the child’s development process at home, but you cannot make a cult out of education. Increasing pressure on a child, demanding obedience from him, other than resistance, will lead nowhere.

Children aged 6-7 years usually come to first grade differently prepared. Some people have certain talents, while others find developmental classes more difficult and acquire all the knowledge they need for the future directly at school.

However, you need to understand that school material will be learned much better and faster if the child feels confident in the lessons and is prepared in advance. But preparing for school is a long-term event and you need to start working with children for two years already in a playful way to develop thought processes. And classes with children 4-5 years old will be aimed already to master the basics of mathematics, grammar and other disciplines.

You don't need to be a qualified teacher to practice at home. Today we will talk about recommended developmental activities for children 4 years old and older and how to conduct them correctly at home.

Planning and program

Starting from 2-3 years old, every game or walk can be turned into a developmental activity. But for parents, with this form of training, it is very important not to miss many aspects, so all classes must be conducted according to the prepared program.

It is recommended to plan educational activities with children 4-5 years old a week in advance. Thanks to this planning, you will be able to prepare the necessary materials for classes and understand what is more interesting for the child, and which aspects are best developed in the baby.

Just like in the preschool exercise, Regular classes with your baby should be carried out in the following areas:

• logic and arithmetic;
• speech and literacy development;
• drawing, modeling, appliqué and design;
• physical exercise;
• activities that help develop your horizons;
• literature.

Each of the subjects should be evenly distributed in the program throughout the week, depending on what is most interesting to the baby. For example, you need to teach him literacy and letters only when the child himself is ready for it. And this does not have to be done at 4-5 years old, perhaps earlier, and perhaps later.

An approximate plan for developmental activities might look like this:

As you can see, such activity planning for children 4-5 years old includes daily creative activities and physical labor. During the period of growth, babies must develop maximum coordination of movement and splash out their energy, as well as develop imagination and motor skills.

But it will be difficult to include all disciplines in one day. Children at 4-5 years old get very tired, and you shouldn’t overload them with activities, even if they are interested in them.

The number of developmental activities may vary, it depends not only on your child’s inclinations, but also on the schedule. So, after kindergarten or a development center it is not always possible to have time for additional activities, and children do not always have the strength to do something at home. And the work of parents also affects this; they usually conduct classes at home on weekends or in the evenings.

If your child attends some specialized clubs in certain disciplines, then at home you can devote time to the material that was studied there in order to consolidate what has been learned.

Practical tasks for children 4-5 years old

When a child turns 4 years old, he needs to work on his existing skills, as well as on deepening his knowledge. The tasks must become more difficult all the time.. The basic list of a child’s skills by the age of five is as follows:

• the ability to use prepositions correctly;
• understand where is right, where is left, behind and in front;
• distinguish between the concepts “many” and “little”, “more” and “less”;
• name nouns by number;
• be able to count to 10;
• have the skill of drawing lines with a pencil without lifting it from the paper.

When the baby can perform the listed actions, you cannot stand still. It is important that the activities develop the baby and are interesting to him, otherwise he may lose interest in learning.

Tutorials and examples

As for the practical tasks themselves, they can be found in large quantities in special manuals for children.

Series of special benefits for children contain the following:

• story visual materials;
• games with stickers;
• tasks for the development of a child’s logical thinking;
• tasks to develop writing skills and much more.

Reading and writing

If you want your child to learn to read and write before school, then take a specially designed primer for preschoolers, which contains visual material about merging letters into syllables; its methodology is fully consistent with school curricula.

Also use educational games. For example, in order for a child to remember letters and be able to identify the first syllable in words, offer to think of any letter and look for objects in the ABC book or in the picture that begin with it. If your skills are already sufficiently developed, you can play for speed, and also complicate the task to find words with 2 letters or a specific letter at the end.

Another skill development game is to glue letter cards onto household objects according to what letter they begin with. You can deliberately confuse the letters so that the child finds the mistake.

Flashcards and other visual aids

Regardless of what discipline you are studying with your child, you can actively use cards with different exercises or pictures.

So, if you want to teach your child where “right” is and where “left” is, then you can use a special poster with drawn palms or pictures with circled images in one direction or another.

And to strengthen your knowledge of numbers and counting skills, you can use coloring books, where you not only need to color the picture, but also connect the dots in order to find out what is shown.

Thanks to the plot pictures, you can develop your baby’s speech. For example, ask questions about them or ask them to write stories. With the help of paired cards, logical thinking develops well when you need to find one object for another that is connected with it. For example, a picture with shoes will go well with a picture of a leg, etc.

Thematic lessons and foreign languages

When the child has already mastered the basic skills for his age, he can move on to more serious activities. For example, you can conduct thematic classes, which will help develop the baby’s thought processes and his horizons. Topics may vary:

• space;
• household;
• sport;
• toy store, etc.

If your child’s speech skills are already quite good and he speaks his native language well, then you can start learning a foreign language with him. This can be done both at home and in special clubs, where learning takes place in a playful way.

Physical activity for children 4-5 years old

At this age, along with intellectual and creative development, sports development must also be present. And if parents do not have the opportunity to send their child to a sports club, then they need to study at home. The following is recommended:

• ball games (football, volleyball, etc.);
• morning work-out;
• gymnastics;
• outdoor games;
• dancing.

Naturally, each baby develops differently; do not scold your child if you see that something is not going according to plan. Best suggest those games, with the help of which the child can develop certain skills.

Parents, of course, should be involved in the preschool development and education of their child; this is very useful. However, it is absolutely impossible to turn this process into a routine or labor obligation. Children should enjoy the activities and learn with pleasure and inspiration.